● 不及物動詞形式Vi

1. S+Vi 完全不及物動詞
其後不需要接補語,意思已完整-->完全不需要「補語」
不及物動詞:後面不需加任何東西,就可以完整表示語意,與主詞一起構成正確的句子
常見的此類動詞:sleep, run, shine, fly, go, come, flow, … 

cg1: He jumped up and down. S+V+M
cg2: We went to the cinema.  S+V+M
cg3: She looked at me.  S+V+M


2. S+Vi+C 不完全不及物動詞
此類句型中的動詞,為不完全不及物動詞
此類動詞又稱連繫動詞,等於是主詞補語的橋樑
不完全:因為不完全,所以需要「補語」
在這裡的補語為主詞補語,補充說明主詞的狀態
補語可以是名詞、形容詞 、不定詞、分詞、介系詞
不及物動詞:後面不需加任何東西
常見的此類動詞:be, look, get, feel, taste, become, turn, …
cg1: He is tall.
cg2: She became a doctor.
cg3: He remained silent.
cg4: You look happy.


● 及物動詞形式Vt
1. S+V+O (完全及物動詞)
完全:不需要「補語」
及物動詞:後面必須接「受詞-->(動作的對象)」,否則無法使語意完整
常見的此類動詞:play, need, want, open, speak, call, read, learn, wash, write, …
cg1: He hit the boy. 
cg2: She hold the baby.
cg3: I learn English.
cg4: She gave a book to him. S+V+O(此需為名詞)+M(此需為介系詞)
cg5: Cows provide us with milk.
cg4: I share the room with her.

2.S+V+O1+O2(授與動詞) or S + V + IO + DO / S + V + DO + 介系詞 + IO
此類句型中的動詞之後有兩個受詞
直接受詞O2為物或事件,間接受詞O1為人
當直接受詞在前時,中間須有介系詞,這一類介系詞,依動詞的不同會有差異,
常用的介系詞:to, for, of, …
這一類的動詞又稱授與動詞,
常見的此類動詞:be, tell, send, teach, give, lend, borrow, …

cg1: He give me a puppy. S+V+O1+O2-->He give a puppy to me. S+V+O+M
cg2: She handed me the key. S+V+O1+O2 --> She handed the key to me. S+V+O+M
cg3: I bought a toy for him. S+V+O+M

3.S+V+O+C (不完全及物動詞)

此類句型中的動詞,為不完全及物動詞
動詞加了受詞後,還必需加上受詞補語,才能完整表達語意

常見的此類動詞:make, think, call, elect, regard, consider, …,
但須注意的是,這一類的動詞在其它情況下,也可以當作完全及物動詞

cg1: I believe him a nice guy.
cg2: He saw her clean her room.
cg3: She thinks herself bright.
cg4: James saw her cross the road.
cg5: I hear my name call.
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